What causes Dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea is caused by the contraction of the uterus during menstruation. During a menstrual period, the uterus contracts to help shed the lining of the uterus (endometrium). In some women, these contractions can be quite strong, leading to cramping and pain. The exact cause of dysmenorrhea is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that cause the uterus to contract.

Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by the normal hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle, and typically begins a few years after the onset of menstruation. Secondary dysmenorrhea, which is less common, is caused by an underlying medical condition such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, fibroids, or adhesions in the pelvic area.

Other probable causes of dysmenorrhea include anemia, obesity, smoking, high stress levels, lack of physical activity, and certain medications.